The NSI, since its inception, has been involved in organizing seminars and conferences to initiate interaction between practicing neuroscientists and keeping the community up-to-date with the latest developments in the field.

The Society also conducts, along with it's annual conference, a continuing medical education programme, the first of its kind to be introduced in India.

Over the years, the NSI has spawned specialised groups, which include the Neurotrauma Committee, the Indian Society of Paediatric Neurosurgery, the Indian Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, the Skull Base Surgery Society of India etc. which have been organising workshops and seminars in their respective domains.